Sensors are devices that detect changes in physical conditions (e.g. temperature, pressure, light, etc.) and convert them into an electrical signal that can be interpreted by a microcontroller or other device. There are various types of sensors including:
Inductive sensors: Detect changes in magnetic fields and are commonly used to detect the presence of metal objects
Ultrasonic sensors: Use high-frequency sound waves to measure distances and detect objects
Proximity sensors: Detect the presence of objects without physically touching them
Light sensors: Measure the intensity of light and are commonly used to control lighting systems or to detect changes in ambient light levels
Temperature sensors: Measure the temperature of a system or environment and are commonly used in temperature control systems
Pressure sensors: Measure the pressure of a gas or liquid and are commonly used in process control and monitoring systems
Accelerometer sensors: Measure acceleration and are commonly used in motion detection and control systems
Gyroscopic sensors: Measure angular velocity and are commonly used in navigation and control systems
Sensors can be analog or digital, with analog sensors providing a continuous signal and digital sensors providing a binary signal. Sensors are commonly used in a wide range of applications, including industrial automation, robotics, consumer electronics, and the Internet of Things (IoT).
